Ligaments and Tendons of Ankle Joint
There are many different muscles and ligaments in the ankle, which gives the ankle its strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Ligaments are a type of soft tissue that is made up mostly of collagen. Ligaments have low vascularity, which means they do not receive much blood flow. This lack of blood flow makes ligaments slower to heal than other types of soft tissue. Unlike tendons, which connect muscle to bone, ligaments connect bones to other bones. There are several major ligaments in the ankle:
Three ligaments on the outside of the ankle that make up the lateral ligament complex, as follows:
•The anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), which connects the front of the talus bone to the fibula, or shin bone
•The calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), which connects the calcaneus, or heel bone, to the fibula
The posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), which connects the rear of the talus bone to the fibula
•The deltoid ligament, a thick ligament which supports the entire medial, or inner, side of the ankle
•The anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), which connects the tibia to the fibula
•Two posterior fibular ligaments, which crisscross the back of the tibia and fibula:
The posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL)
The transverse ligament
The interosseous ligament, which rests between the tibia and fibula and runs the entire length of the tibia and fibula, from the ankle to the knee
The various ligaments that surround the ankle together help form part of the joint capsule, a fluid-filled sac that surrounds and lubricates articulating joints.
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